NanoPi R4S
Contents
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Hardware Spec
- 3 Diagram, Layout and Dimension
- 4 Get Started
- 5 Work with FriendlyWrt
- 5.1 Introduction to FriendlyWrt
- 5.2 First boot
- 5.3 Account & Password
- 5.4 Network Connection
- 5.5 Login FriendlyWrt
- 5.6 Recommended security settings
- 5.7 Safe shutdown operation
- 5.8 Install Software Packages
- 5.9 Disable IPv6
- 5.10 Some common issues of FriendlyWrt
- 5.11 Let FriendlyWrt regenerate network settings
- 5.12 Use USB2LCD to view IP and temperature
- 5.13 Work with USB WiFi Device
- 5.14 Work with Docker Applications
- 5.15 Mount smbfs
- 5.16 Use sdk to compile the package
- 6 Work with FriendlyCore
- 7 Compile FriendlyWrt
- 8 Compile FriendlyCore-Focal
- 9 Link to Rockchip Resources
- 10 Schematic, PCB CAD File
- 11 Known Issues List
- 12 Update Log
1 Introduction
- The NanoPi R4S(as "R4S") is an open source platform with dual-Gbps Ethernet ports designed and developed by FriendlyElec for IoT applications.
- The NanoPi R4S uses the RK3399 SoC. It has two Gbps Ethernet ports and 1G/4G DDR4 RAM. FriendlyElec ported an OpenWrt system for it. It works with Docker CE. It is a good platform for developing IoT applications, NAS applications, smart home gateways etc.
2 Hardware Spec
- SoC: Rockchip RK3399
- CPU: big.LITTLE，Dual-Core Cortex-A72(up to 2.0GHz) + Quad-Core Cortex-A53(up to 1.5GHz)
- GPU: Mali-T864 GPU，supports OpenGL ES1.1/2.0/3.0/3.1, OpenCL, DX11, and AFBC
- VPU: 4K VP9 and 4K 10bits H265/H264 60fps decoding, Dual VOP, etc
- PMU: RK808-D PMIC, cooperated with independent DC/DC, enabling DVFS, software power-down, RTC wake-up, system sleep mode
- RAM: 1GB DDR3/4GB LPDDR4
- Flash: no Onboard eMMC
- Ethernet: one Native Gigabit Ethernet, and one PCIe Gigabit Ethernet
- USB: two USB 3.0 Type-A ports
- Pin header extension interface
- 2x5-pin header: SPI x 1, I2C x 1
- 4-pin header: USB 2.0
- microSD Slot x 1
- Debug: one Debug UART, 3 Pin 2.54mm header, 3V level, 1500000bps
- LEDs: 1 x power LED and 3 x GPIO Controlled LED (SYS, LAN, WAN)
- others:
- 2 Pin 1.27/1.25mm RTC battery input connector
- one User Button
- one 5V Fan connector
- Power supply: DC 5V/3A, via USB-C connector or Pin header
- PCB: 8 Layer, 66 mm x 66 mm
- Temperature measuring range: 0℃ to 80℃
3 Diagram, Layout and Dimension
3.1 Layout
- 2x5-pin header
Pin# Assignment Pin# Assignment 1 VDD_5V 2 VDD_3.3V 3 VDD_5V 4 GPIO4_C0/I2C3_SDA(3V) 5 GND 6 GPIO4_C1/I2C3_SCL(3V) 7 GPIO1_B1/SPI1_CLK 8 GPIO1_B0/SPI1_TXD/UART4-TX 9 GPIO1_B2/SPI1_CSn 10 GPIO1_A7/SPI1_RXD/UART4-RX
- 4-pin header
1 2 3 4 VDD_5V USB_DM USB_DP GND
- Debug UART Pin Spec
- 3V level signals, 1500000bps
Pin# Assignment Description 1 GND 0V 2 UART2DBG_TX output 3 UART2DBG_RX intput
- USB Port
- Each USB 3.0 port has 2A overcurrent protection.
- RTC
- RTC backup current is 27uA.
- Connector P/N: Molex 53398-0271
- Notes
- Power Input : 5V/3A, via USB Type-C(USB PD Specification is not supported) or Pin1&Pin2 of the 2x5-pin header
3.2 Globally unique ethernet mac address (EUI-48)
NanoPi-R4S has a unique Mac address, which is assigned to the built-in Ethernet card (rtl8211e) by default. The network interface name is eth0, it is assigned to WAN port on FriendlyWrt OS:
See the mac address on the command line:
How to determine whether an address is globally unique mac address:
- Check the first byte of the address. If bit 2 is 1, it means that this address is only used locally, not globally unique.
4 Get Started
4.1 Essentials You Need
Before starting to use your NanoPi R4S get the following items ready
- NanoPi R4S
- MicroSD Card/TF Card: Class 10 or Above, minimum 8GB SDHC
- 5V/3A and above USB Type-C interface power adapter (Note: QC/PD fast charger may have compatibility issues)， it is recommended to use the following or similar power adapter:
- If you need to develop and compile,you need a computer that can connect to the Internet. It is recommended to install Ubuntu 18.04 64-bit system and use the following script to initialize the development environment:
4.2 Install OS
4.2.1 Download Image Files
Go to download link to download the image files under the officail-ROMs directory and the flashing utility under the tools directory:
Image Files: rk3399-sd-friendlycore-lite-focal-4.19-arm64-YYYYMMDD.img.zip Based on UbuntuCore 20.04 and Linux-4.19 Kernel rk3399-sd-friendlywrt-5.10-YYYYMMDD.img.zip Based on OpenWrt and Linux-5.10 Kernel Flashing Utility: win32diskimager.rar Windows utility. Under Linux users can use "dd"
4.2.2 Linux
4.2.2.1 Flash to TF
- FriendlyCore / Debian / Ubuntu / OpenWrt / DietPi are all based on a same Linux distribution and their installation methods are the same.
- Extract the Linux image and win32diskimager.rar files. Insert a TF card(at least 8G) into a Windows PC and run the win32diskimager utility as administrator. On the utility's main window select your TF card's drive, the wanted image file and click on "write" to start flashing the TF card.
After it is installed you will see the following window:
- Insert this card into your board's BOOT slot and power on (with a 5V/2A power source). If the PWR LED is on and the STAT LED is blinking this indicates your board has successfully booted.
;
5 Work with FriendlyWrt
5.1 Introduction to FriendlyWrt
FriendlyWrt is a customized system made by FriendlyElec based on an OpenWrt distribution. It is open source and well suitable for developing IoT applications, NAS applications, smart home gateways etc.
5.2 First boot
For the first boot, the system needs to do the following initialization work：
1）Extended root file system
2）Initial setup（will execute /root/setup.sh)
So you need to wait for a while (about 2~3 minutes) to boot up for the first time, and then set FriendlyWrt, you can enter the ttyd terminal on the openwrt webpage, when the prompt is displayed as root@FriendlyWrt, it means the system has been initialized.
root@FriendlyWrt
5.3 Account & Password
The default password is password (empty password in some versions). Please set or change a safer password for web login and ssh login. It is recommended to complete this setting before connecting NanoPi-R4S to the Internet.
5.4 Network Connection
Use a network cable to connect NanoPi-R4S's WAN to a master router and the board will get an IP address via DHCP. Login into the router and check NanoPi-R4S's IP address.
5.5 Login FriendlyWrt
Connect the PC to the LAN port of NanoPi-R4S. If your PC without a built-in ethernet port, connect the LAN port of the wireless AP to the LAN port of NanoPi-R4S, and then connect your PC to the wireless AP via WiFi , Enter the following URL on your PC's browser to access the admin page:
- http://friendlywrt/
- http://192.168.2.1/
- http://[fd00:ab:cd::1]
The above is the LAN port address of NanoPi-R4S. The IP address of the WAN port will be dynamically obtained from your main router through DHCP.
5.6 Recommended security settings
The following settings are highly recommended to complete before connecting NanoPi-R4S to the Internet。
- Set a secure password
- Only allow access to ssh from lan, change the port
- Only allow local devices to access luci
Edit /etc/config/uhttpd，Change the original 0.0.0.0 and [::] addresses to the local lan address, for example：
# HTTP listen addresses, multiple allowed list listen_http 192.168.2.1:80 list listen_http [fd00:ab:cd::1]:80 # HTTPS listen addresses, multiple allowed list listen_https 192.168.2.1:443 list listen_https [fd00:ab:cd::1]:443
Restart the service:
/etc/init.d/uhttpd restart
5.7 Safe shutdown operation
Enter the ttyd terminal, enter the poweroff command and hit enter, wait until the led light is off, and then unplug the power supply.
5.8 Install Software Packages
5.8.1 Update Package List
Before install software packages update the package list:
$ opkg update
5.8.2 List Available Packages
$ opkg list
5.8.3 List Installed Packages
$ opkg list-installed
5.8.4 Install Packages
$ opkg install <package names>
5.8.5 Remove Packages
$ opkg remove <package names>
5.9 Disable IPv6
sed -i -e "s/DISABLE_IPV6=0/DISABLE_IPV6=1/g" /root/setup.sh rm -f /etc/board.json /etc/config/system /etc/config/network /etc/config/wireless /etc/firstboot_* reboot
5.10 Some common issues of FriendlyWrt
- Unable to dial up
- Go to "Network" -> "Firewall" and set "Inbound Data", "Outbound Data" and "Forwarding" in "WAN Zone" to "Accept";
- If you still cannot access the Internet, you can try to turn off IPV6;
- Unable to power on
- Try to replace the power adapter and cable. It is recommended to use a power supply with specifications above 5V/2A;
- Note that some fast chargers with Type-C interface will have a delay, it may take a few seconds to start providing power;
- When doing secondary routing, the computer cannot connect to the Internet
- If your main network is IPv4, and{1} works in IPv6, the computer may not be able to connect to the Internet. It is recommended to turn off IPv6 (the method is described later in this WiKi), or switch the main route to IPv6;
- If you have questions or have better suggestions, please send an email to techsupport@friendlyarm.com;
5.11 Let FriendlyWrt regenerate network settings
This method will trigger FriendlyWrt to re-identify the hardware model and generate the network configuration under /etc/config, which is similar but not completely equivalent to restoring factory settings:
rm -f /etc/board.json /etc/config/system /etc/config/network /etc/config/wireless /etc/firstboot_* reboot
The /root/setup.sh initialization script will be executed again at the next boot, so you can debug the /root/setup.sh script through this method.
5.12 Use USB2LCD to view IP and temperature
Plug the USB2LCD module to the USB interface ofNanoPi-R4S and power on, the IP address and CPU temperature will be displayed on the LCD:
5.13 Work with USB WiFi Device
5.13.1 Check USB WiFi Device with Command Line Utility
(1) Click on "services>ttyd" to start the command line utility
(2) Make sure no USB devices are connected to your board and run the following command to check if any USB devices are connected or not
lsusb
(3) Connect a USB WiFi device to the board and run the command again
lsusb
You will see a new device is detected. In our test the device's ID was 0BDA:C811
(4) Type your device's ID (in our case it was "0BDA:C811" or "VID_0BDA&PID_C811") in a search engine and you may find a device that matches the ID. In our case the device we got was Realtek 8811CU.
5.13.2 Configure a USB WiFi Device as AP
(1) Connect a USB WiFi device to the NanoPi-R4S. We recommend you to use the following devices:
Note: devices that match these VID&PIDs would most likely work.
(2) Click on "System>Reboot" and reboot your NanoPi-R4S
(3) Click on "Network>Wireless" to enter the WiFi configuration page
(4) Click on "Edit" to edit the configuration
(5) On the "Interface Configuration" page you can set the WiFi mode and SSID, and then go to "Wireless Security" to change the password. By default the password is "password". After you make your changes click on "Save" to save
(6) After you change the settings you can use a smartphone or PC to search for WiFi
5.14 Work with Docker Applications
5.14.1 Work with Docker: Install JellyBin
mkdir -p /jellyfin/config mkdir -p /jellyfin/videos docker run --restart=always -d -p 8096:8096 -v /jellyfin/config:/config -v /jellyfin/videos:/videos jellyfin/jellyfin:10.1.0-arm64 -name myjellyfin
After installation, visit port 8096 and here is what you would find:
5.14.2 Work with Docker: Install Personal Nextcloud
mkdir /nextcloud -p docker run -d -p 8888:80 --name nextcloud -v /nextcloud/:/var/www/html/ --restart=always --privileged=true arm64v8/nextcloud
After installtion, visit port 8888.
5.15 Mount smbfs
mount -t cifs //192.168.1.10/shared /movie -o username=xxx,password=yyy,file_mode=0644
5.16 Use sdk to compile the package
5.16.1 Install the compilation environment
Download and run the following script on 64-bit Ubuntu (version 18.04+): How to setup the Compiling Environment on Ubuntu bionic
5.16.2 Download and decompress sdk from the network disk
The sdk is located in the toolchain directory of the network disk:
tar xvf ~/dvd/FriendlyELEC-NanoPiR4S/toolchain/friendlywrt-kernel-5.x.y/openwrt-sdk-19.07.5-rockchip-rk3399_gcc-7.5.0_musl.Linux-x86_64.tar.xz # If the path is too long, it will cause some package compilation errors, so change the directory name here mv openwrt-sdk-19.07.5-rockchip-rk3399_gcc-7.5.0_musl.Linux-x86_64 sdk cd sdk ./scripts/feeds update -a ./scripts/feeds install -a
5.16.3 Compile the package
download the source code of the example (a total of 3 examples are example1, example2, example3), and copy to the package directory:
git clone https://github.com/mwarning/openwrt-examples.git cp -rf openwrt-examples/example* package/ rm -rf openwrt-examples/
Then enter the configuration menu through the following command:
make menuconfigIn the menu, select the following packages we want to compile (actually selected by default):
"Utilities" => "example1" "Utilities" => "example3" "Network" => "VPN" => "example2"
execute the following commands to compile the three software packages:
make package/example1/compile V=99 make package/example2/compile V=99 make package/example3/compile V=99
After the compilation is successful, you can find the ipk file in the bin directory, as shown below:
$ find ./bin -name example*.ipk ./bin/packages/aarch64_cortex-a53/base/example2_0.1-1_aarch64_cortex-a53.ipk ./bin/packages/aarch64_cortex-a53/base/example3_0.1-1_aarch64_cortex-a53.ipk ./bin/packages/aarch64_cortex-a53/base/example1_0.1-1_aarch64_cortex-a53.ipk
5.16.4 Install the ipk to NanoPi
You can use the scp command to upload the ipk file to NanoPi:
cd ./bin/packages/aarch64_cortex-a53/base/ scp example*.ipk root@192.168.2.1:/root/
Then use the opkg command to install them:
cd /root/ opkg install example2_0.1-1_aarch64_cortex-a53.ipk opkg install example3_0.1-1_aarch64_cortex-a53.ipk opkg install example1_0.1-1_aarch64_cortex-a53.ipk
6 Work with FriendlyCore
6.1 FriendlyCore User Account
- Non-root User:
User Name: pi Password: pi
- Root:
User Name: Root Password: fa
6.2 Update Software Packages
$ sudo apt-get update
6.3 Setup Network Configurations
By default "eth0" is assigned an IP address obtained via dhcp. If you want to change the setting you need to change the following file:
vi /etc/network/interfaces.d/eth0
For example if you want to assign a static IP to it you can run the following commands:
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.1.231
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.1.1To change the setting of "eth1" you can add a new file similar to eth0's configuration file under the /etc/network/interfaces.d/ directory.
6.4 Serial port debug
Connect to NanoPi R4S with screen :
screen /dev/ttyUSB0 1500000 8N1
7 Compile FriendlyWrt
7.1 Download Code
mkdir friendlywrt-rk3399 cd friendlywrt-rk3399 repo init -u https://github.com/friendlyarm/friendlywrt_manifests -b master-v19.07.5 -m rk3399.xml --repo-url=https://github.com/friendlyarm/repo --no-clone-bundle repo sync -c --no-clone-bundle
7.2 1-key Compile
./build.sh nanopi_r4s.mkAll the components (including u-boot, kernel, and friendlywrt) are compiled and the sd card image will be generated.
7.3 Recompile u-boot, kernel or friendlywrt
./build.sh uboot ./build.sh kernel ./build.sh friendlywrt
7.4 Repackaged into firmware
./build.sh sd-img- For more details, please refer to the following link:
8 Compile FriendlyCore-Focal
8.1 Setup Development Environment
We suggest you do it on a 64 bit Ubuntu 18.04 system and install the following packages:
sudo apt-get -y install bison g++-multilib git gperf libxml2-utils make python-networkx zip sudo apt-get -y install flex curl libncurses5-dev libssl-dev zlib1g-dev gawk minicom sudo apt-get -y install openjdk-8-jdk sudo apt-get -y install exfat-fuse exfat-utils device-tree-compiler liblz4-tool sudo apt-get -y install android-tools-fsutils sudo apt-get -y install swig sudo apt-get -y install python-dev python3-dev
8.2 Install Cross Compiler
8.2.1 Install aarch64-linux-gcc 6.4
This compiler can be used to compile a Linux kernel and u-boot. You can do it by running the following commands:
git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/prebuilts.git -b master --depth 1 cd prebuilts/gcc-x64 cat toolchain-6.4-aarch64.tar.gz* | sudo tar xz -C /
Add the compiler's directory to the PATH variable by appending the following lines to the ~/.bashrc file:
export PATH=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/6.4-aarch64/bin:$PATH export GCC_COLORS=auto
Run the ~/.bashrc script to make it effective in the current commandline. Note: there is a space after ".":
. ~/.bashrcThis is a 64 bit compiler and cannot work on a 32 bit Linux system. You can test if your compiler is installed correctly by running the following commands:
aarch64-linux-gcc -v Using built-in specs. COLLECT_GCC=aarch64-linux-gcc COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/6.4-aarch64/libexec/gcc/aarch64-cortexa53-linux-gnu/6.4.0/lto-wrapper Target: aarch64-cortexa53-linux-gnu Configured with: /work/toolchain/build/aarch64-cortexa53-linux-gnu/build/src/gcc/configure --build=x86_64-build_pc-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-build_pc-linux-gnu --target=aarch64-cortexa53-linux-gnu --prefix=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/6.4-aarch64 --with-sysroot=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/6.4-aarch64/aarch64-cortexa53-linux-gnu/sysroot --enable-languages=c,c++ --enable-fix-cortex-a53-835769 --enable-fix-cortex-a53-843419 --with-cpu=cortex-a53 ... Thread model: posix gcc version 6.4.0 (ctng-1.23.0-150g-FA)
8.3 Easy way to compile kernel and uboot for FriendlyCore-Focal OS
8.3.1 Download tools and firmware
git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/sd-fuse_rk3399.git -b kernel-4.19 cd sd-fuse_rk3399 wget http://112.124.9.243/dvdfiles/RK3399/images-for-eflasher/friendlycore-focal-arm64-images.tgz tar xvzf friendlycore-focal-arm64-images.tgz
8.3.2 Compile the kernel
Download the kernel source code and compile it. the relevant image files in the friendlycore-focal-arm64 directory will be automatically updated, including the kernel modules in the file system:
git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/kernel-rockchip --depth 1 -b nanopi4-v4.19.y kernel-rk3399 KERNEL_SRC=$PWDkernel-rk3399 ./build-kernel.sh friendlycore-focal-arm64
8.3.3 Compile the uboot
Download the uboot source code and compile it. the relevant image files in the friendlycore-focal-arm64 directory will be automatically updated:
git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/uboot-rockchip --depth 1 -b nanopi4-v2017.09 UBOOT_SRC=$PWD/uboot-rockchip ./build-uboot.sh friendlycore-focal-arm64
8.3.4 Generate new firmware
Repackage the image file in the friendlycore-focal-arm64 directory into sd card firmware:
./mk-sd-image.sh friendlycore-focal-arm64After the command is completed, the firmware is in the out directory, you can use the dd command to make the SD boot card, for example:
dd if=out/rk3399-sd-friendlycore-focal-4.19-arm64-YYYYMMDD.img of=/dev/sdX bs=1M
8.4 Compile kernel and uboot for FriendlyCore-Focal OS in normal way
8.4.1 Compile FriendlyCore-Focal's Kernel-4.19 Source Code
git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/kernel-rockchip --depth 1 -b nanopi4-v4.19.y kernel-rockchip cd kernel-rockchip make distclean touch .scmversion export PATH=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/6.4-aarch64/bin/:$PATH make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux- nanopi4_linux_defconfig make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux- nanopi4-images
After compilation is done a kernel.img and a resource.img will be generated，you can use the tool sd_update to burn them to TF card or eMMC.
8.4.2 Compile FriendlyCore-Focal's uboot-2017.09 Source Code
[ -d rkbin ] || git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/rkbin (cd rkbin && git reset 25de1a8bffb1e971f1a69d1aa4bc4f9e3d352ea3 --hard) git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/uboot-rockchip --depth 1 -b nanopi4-v2017.09 cd uboot-rockchip make distclean export PATH=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/6.4-aarch64/bin/:$PATH ./make.sh nanopi4
After compilation is done a uboot.img, a trust.img and a rk3399_loader_v1.24.126.bin will be generated. You need to rename the rk3399_loader_v1.24.126.bin to "MiniLoaderAll.bin"，you can use the tool sd_update to burn them to TF card or eMMC.
8.5 Make Bootable SD Card for Mass Production
If you need to make a bootable SD card for mass production you can refer to this github link:
sd-fuse_rk3399
9 Link to Rockchip Resources
10 Schematic, PCB CAD File
- Schematic: NanoPi-R4S-1GB-2008-Schematic.pdf NanoPi-R4S-4GB-2008-Schematic.pdf
- PCB CAD File：NanoPi_R4S_1GB_2008_dxf.zip NanoPi_R4S_1GB_2008_dxf.zip
11 Known Issues List
- Q: UGREEN 18W QC power adapter cannot power R4S?
- A: It needs to wait for a few seconds to work normally.
12 Update Log
12.1 2020-12-23
- FriendlyWrt has been updated to the official stable version 19.07.5
